
2. Radiation Biology and Physics
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
- Fundamentals of Radiation Biology
- Biologic Effects of Radiation and Radio-Resistance
- Secondary Cancer Risk and Mitigation
- Describe the different forms of therapeutic radiation and in what cases they would be most appropriate to utilize.
- Describe the process of ionization and its effects on biological tissues, particularly DNA.
- Identify the 4 Rs of tissue response in radiation therapy and explain their significance in fractionation.
- Understand the acute and late effects of radiation on normal tissue.
- Outline how oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and epigenetic alterations impact tumor cell proliferation.
- Assess the potential risks of radiation-induced secondary cancers and explain strategies to minimize these risks.
- Explain the biological mechanisms of radio-resistance in tumor cells.

Kate Martin, PA-C (Moderator)
Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center
Kate Martin is the senior manager of APPs for the Department of Radiation Oncology at Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center in Boston, MA. Kate began her career as a radiation therapist in 2007 at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, NY, before completing her Honors BSc in Neurobiology at Brock University and attending Weill Cornell Medical College where she obtained her Physician Assistant degree. She is currently an MBA candidate at Boston University’s Questrom School of Business. She has experience in inpatient medical oncology and neurosurgery and ultimately joined the Department of Radiation Oncology in 2017. Her primary clinical focus is the central nervous system. Her administrative role focuses on oncology APP strategy, utilization of APPs in radiation oncology, leadership development, and systems integration.
Kate Martin has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.
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